Under Vespasian's second son, Domitian, the number of cohorts was increased to 10, and the Praetorian Guard participated in fighting in Germania and on the Danube against the Dacians. In 297 they were in Africa with Maximian. Praetorian (adj.) A small number of detached cavalry units (turmae) of 30 men each were also organized. Commodus fell victim to a conspiracy directed by his Praetorian prefect Quintus Aemilius Laetus in 192. According to Tacitus, there were only nine cohorts in 23 AD. Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? Under Domitian and Trajan, the guard took part in wars from Dacia to Mesopotamia, while with Marcus Aurelius, years were spent on the Danubian frontier during the Marcomannic Wars. There was no permanent bodyguard formation, so some military officers began to surround themselves with temporary units of hand-picked soldiers to ensure their security during battle. Starting in the year 2 BC, the Praetorian prefect was the commanding officer of the Praetorian Guard (previously each cohort was independent and under the orders of a tribune of equestrian rank). Praetorian definition, of or relating to a praetor. Praetorian Guard 1. In the spring of 238, under Maximinus Thrax, the bulk of the Praetorian Guard was employed on active service. About 300 in total (30 per cohort), they formed a unit under the orders of the senior Centurion, the Trecenarius. Instead they often wore a formal toga, which distinguished them from civilians but remained in a respectable civilian attire, the mark of a Roman citizen. The Italians formed the base of the recruitment of the Legio II Parthica, a new legion created and stationed in Italy. For the 2nd century, calculations from lists of significant demobilisations suggest an increase in size to nearly 1,500 men per cohort (perhaps a doubling of 800 (since Vespasian), probably organized in 20 centuries) under Commodus in year (187–188) or under Septimius Severus (193–211), which matches the probable numbers of effectives for Urban Cohorts during the time of Cassius Dio. Following the assassination of emperor Domitian, his successor Nerva was placed under the protection of Trajan, to counter possible revenge attempts and mutinies. A famous poem by Juvenal recalls the nail left in his foot by the sandal of a Praetorian rushing by him. Emperor Tiberius used for this purpose the Cohortes urbanae which were not under the control of Sejanus. The Praetorians placed his uncle Claudius on the throne, daring the Senate to oppose their decision. Often after an outrageous act of violence, revenge by the new ruler was forthcoming. While they patrolled inconspicuously in the palace and major buildings, the others were stationed in the towns surrounding Rome. The Praetorian Guard, like all legionaries, shared similar insignia, mainly on their shields. According to Cassius Dio, during the first two centuries AD and before the reform of Septimius Severus, the Praetorians were exclusively limited to Italy, Spain (Roman province), Macedonia and Noricum (current Austria). Viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit "Praetorian guard" – Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine für Millionen von Deutsch-Übersetzungen. Upon return to Rome, they occupied successively the positions of Tribunes of the Vigiles, Tribune of the Urban Cohort and finally Tribune of the Guard.[6][10]. Praetorian Guard units could wear lion skin capes and their colours were so decorated with awards, that the men had difficulty in carrying them on long marches. According to Tacitus, the Pannonian forces were dealt with by Tiberius' son Drusus, accompanied by two Praetorian cohorts, the Praetorian cavalry and some of the German bodyguard. Accordingly, he poisoned Drusus with the help of the latter's wife, and then immediately launched a ruthless elimination program against all competitors, persuading Tiberius to make him his heir apparent. The Praetorians then put the empire up to auction and Didius Julianus bought the title of emperor. The bodyguard of the Roman emperor. ‘Before his return Mucianus had reduced the praetorian guard, enlarged by Vitellius, to approximately its old size, and they were entrusted to Titus on his return.’. Every afternoon, the tribunus cohortis would receive the password from the emperor personally. They were thus able to manipulate a widely subscribed concept of legit- imacy and to attain a degree of political influence and power far beyond their actual numerical and military resources. While campaigning, the Praetorians were the equal of any formation in the Roman army. What does Praetorian mean? praetorian band, praetorian guard: the bodyguard of the emperor in Ancient Rome; Noun . Otho acquiesced in the Praetorians' demands and granted them the right to appoint their own prefects, ensuring their loyalty. From Vespasian onwards the Praetorian prefecture was always held by an equestrian of the eques order. The Praetorian Guard was dissolved and replaced by men transferred from his own army. In 188, Cleander obtained the joint command of the Guard with the two prefects. Praetorians originated as guards of Roman generals during the Roman Republic. You must — there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one that’s only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. For video game, see, In Rome, near the Emperor, they were designated as, campaign of Trajan against the Parthians of 113–117, "8 Things You May Not Know About the Praetorian Guard", 8 Things You May Not Know About the Praetorian Guard, The Praetorian Guard in the Political and Social Life of Julio-Claudian Rome, Praetorian Guard – Ancient History Encyclopedia, Protecting the Emperor – life in the Praetorian Guard, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Praetorian_Guard&oldid=1014743073, Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC, Military units and formations of the Roman Empire, 4th-century disestablishments in the Roman Empire, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. After 238, literary and epigraphic sources dry up, and information on the Praetorian Guard becomes rare. Their name derives from the commander's tent, a praetorium. Cleander abused his influence to nominate and dismiss prefects. In this period the position of Praetorian prefect in Italy came increasingly to resemble a general administrative post, and there was a tendency to appoint jurists such as Papinian, who occupied the post from 203 until his elimination and execution at the ascent of Caracalla. While the guard had the power to make or break emperors, it had no formal role in government administration, unlike the personnel of the palace, the Senate, and the bureaucracy. Tigidius Perennis (AD 182–185) and freedman Marcus Aurelius Cleander (AD 186–190) exercised considerable influence on the emperor. He is the first emperor proclaimed by the Praetorian Guard and compensated the guard with a prime bonus worth five years their salary. Their functions included, among many, the escort of the emperor and the members of the imperial family, and if necessary to act as a sort of anti-riot police. In Rome, their principal duty was to mount the Guard at the house of Augustus on the Palatine, where the centuries and the turmae of the cohort in service mounted the guard outside the emperor's palace (the interior guard of the palace was mounted by the Imperial German Bodyguard, often also referred to as Batavi, and the Statores[5] Augusti, a sort of military police which were found in the general staff headquarters of the Roman Army). Corruptly mercenary and venal. They were replaced by 16 cohorts recruited from the legionnaires and auxiliaries loyal to Vitellius, almost 16,000 men. This promotion exempted him from daily chores. It derived from the name of one of the chief Roman magistrates, the praetor. Assaulting a decurion of the Praetorian Guard... in the execution of his duties. From the reign of Tiberius, their camp was situated on the Quirinal Hill, outside Rome. The Praetorians, who were pillaging the Palace, discovered Claudius, uncle of Caligula, hidden behind a curtain. Definition Praetorium (official residence of a governor), praetorian guard NASB Translation praetorian guard (1), Praetorium (7). First established by Augustus, members of the Guard accompanied him on active campaign and served as secret police[citation needed] protecting the civic administrations and rule of law imposed by the senate and the emperor. In contrast to many superior cadres of the Army, who originated from the Equestrian Order, these tribunes started their career in the ranks of the Guard and were promoted from the ranks in the hierarchy. With the accession of Commodus, in 180, the Praetorian Guard returned to Rome. Claudius was in the habit of surrounding himself with Speculatores when attending dinners. Definitions and Meaning of Praetorian Guard in English Praetorian Guard noun. 1. Meaning of prætorian guard. By the time Diocletian retired on May 1, 305, their Castra Praetoria seems to have housed only a minor garrison of Rome. Recruits were between 15 and 32 years of age, compared to legionary recruits who ranged from 18 to 23 years of age. For example, during the Siege of Numantia, Scipio Aemilianus formed a troop of 500 men to protect himself against sorties, which were often directed at commanders. More particularly as bodyguard, escort or reserve military force, they housed adaptable equipment for each function. This additional pay was the equivalent of several years of pay, and was often repeated at important events of the empire, or events that touched the imperial family: birthdays, births and marriages. An elite force of bodyguards used by Roman emperors. He used that position to render himself essential to the new emperor Tiberius, who was unable to persuade the Senate to share the responsibility of governing the Empire. Following his victory at Actium, Octavian merged his forces with those of his adversary in a symbolic reunification. Their pay was higher than that of a legionary. The new emperor Pertinax, who took part in the conspiracy, paid the Praetorians a premium of 3,000 denarii; however he was assassinated three months later, on March 28 193, by a group of Guards. Each legion had its own emblem displayed on its Scutum (shield) and the Praetorian Guard were probably the only unit to include additional insignia on their shields. The Guard was dissolved by Emperor Constantine I … Pentagon's 'anti-extremism' cull risks converting U.S. military 'into a left-wing Praetorian Guard' Follow Us Search Search Keyword: Sign Up For Our Daily Newsletters. From the year 2 BC, the cohorts were under the control of two prefectures; however cohorts continued to be organized independently, each commanded by a tribune. Under Septimius Severus, recruitment evolved to authorize the inclusion of legionaries of the Roman army, as well as of the battle hardened Army of the Danube. While the Imperial German Bodyguard sacked all in a search to apprehend the murderers, the Senate proclaimed the restoration of a Republic. This permitted his rival Otho to bribe 23 Speculatores of the Praetorian Guard to proclaim him emperor. During the 2nd century, the Praetorian Guard accompanied Lucius Verus in the Oriental War Campaign of 161–166 AD, as well as accompanying Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius in his northern campaigns between 169–175 and 178–180. The remaining soldiers were sent out to various corners of the empire, and the Castra Praetoria was dismantled in a grand gesture inaugurating a new age in Roman history and ending that of the Praetorians. It was in the course of these actions that the prefect Cornelius Fuscus was defeated and killed in 86. Anrufe können Kosten durch den eigenen Netzbetreiber verursachen. The Praetorian Cohorts were designated as Equitatae (cavalry) Turmae (troops) with centuries formed of infantry, initially of 500 men each.[8]. Email: Info@Praetorian-Gear.de Telefon: +49 (0)36701 182015 *1 Whatsapp: +49 (0)17642004959 *2 Facebook: @PraetorianGear WeChat: Praetorian-Gear-DE Instagram: @Praetorian_Gear Hinweise: *1 Angegebene Telefonnummer befindet sich im deutschen Festnetz. Post the Definition of Praetorian Guard to Facebook, Share the Definition of Praetorian Guard on Twitter. Praetorian Guard Übersetzung, Englisch - Englisch Wörterbuch, Siehe auch 'Praetorian',Pretorian',praetorial',proletarian', biespiele, konjugation L. Keppie, "The Praetorian Guard Before Sejanus", M.P. Facebook Twitter Telegram Email. The Praetorian Guard (Latin: cohortes praetoriae) was an elite unit of the Imperial Roman army whose members served as personal bodyguards and intelligence for Roman emperors. Once past the recruitment procedure he was designated as Probatus, and assigned as a Miles (soldier) to one of the centuries of a cohort. The Praetorian Guard within the U.S. Department of Justice. According to Tacitus, in the year 23 BC, there were nine Praetorian cohorts (4500 men, the equivalent of a legion) to maintain peace in Italy; three were stationed in Rome, and the others, nearby. They benefited from several advantages due to their close proximity with the emperor: the Praetorians were the only ones admitted while bearing arms in the center of sacred Rome – the Pomerium. Defended by only a small residual garrison, the Praetorian camp was attacked by a civilian crowd acting in support of senators in revolt against the Gordian emperors. A group of Roman soldiers established as a bodyguard for the Roman emperor. This designation allowed them to be promoted to technical administrative posts, or instructors in Rome, or to a century in a legion, and accordingly extend their career. The Latin term praetorium —or prætorium or pretorium —originally signified a general's tent within a Roman castrum, castellum, or encampment. Sejanus held the title of prefect jointly with his father, under Augustus, but became sole prefect in AD 15. Nymphidius Sabinus had promised 7500 denarii per man, but Galba refused to pay that amount because he stated "It is my habit to recruit soldiers and not buy them". Praetorian Cohorts intervened on numerous occasions in the struggle for the imperial succession. Originally, the Praetorian Guard was recruited from the populations of central Italy (Etruria, Umbria and Latium according to Tacitus). Anyone ambitious for further promotion would need to transfer to a legion. In 271, Aurelian sailed east to destroy the power of Palmyra, Syria, with a force of legionary detachments, Praetorian cohorts, and other cavalry units, and easily defeated the Palmyrenes. In AD 37 Caligula became emperor with the support of Naevius Sutorius Macro, Sejanus' successor as prefect of the Praetorian Guard. During the early 4th century, Caesar Flavius Valerius Severus attempted to disband the Praetorian Guard on the orders of Galerius. This small force grew in number during Rome's civil wars with each leader having a large personal bodyguard. One of the meanings of "praetorium" is a council of war, the officers who met in the general's tent (see PRAETORIUM). The Praetorian guards were a force of bodyguards used by Roman emporers early on in the Roman Empire. Two prefects were killed during these expeditions. *2 Angegebene Mobilfunknummer dient nur dem Kontakt durch … In 193, Didius Julianus purchased the Empire from the Guard for a vast sum, when the Guard auctioned it off after killing Pertinax. Nevertheless, all tribunes were combat veterans with extensive military experience. Augustus, conscious of risking the only military force present in the city, often avoided concentrating them and imposed this dress code. Praetorian Guard, Latin Cohors Praetoria, household troops of the Roman emperors. On the death of Augustus in 14 AD, his successor, Tiberius, was faced with mutinies among both the Rhine and Pannonian legions. The Praetorians received substantially higher pay[2] than other Roman soldiers in any of the legions, on a system known as sesquiplex stipendum, or by pay-and-a-half. Only a few soldiers could attain the rank of Principalis; however those that did, during the course of their service, were designated Evocati Augusti by the emperor. For heavy packed combat infantry lines (Triplex Acies System), they mounted helmets, armor (Lorica segmentata, Lorica hamata, Lorica squamata specially in the 2nd and 3rd centuries), heavy colorful shields (scuta), heavy javelins (pila), and later even long spears and lighter javelins (hastas, lancea). Two new corps, the Ioviani and Herculiani (named after the gods Jove, or Jupiter, and Hercules, associated with the senior and junior emperor), replaced the Praetorians as the personal protectors of the emperors, a practice that remained intact with the Tetrarchy. (Equestrians were traditionally that class of citizens who could equip themselves to serve in the Roman Army on horseback). At the beginning of the 2nd century, Italians made up 89% of the Praetorian Guard. The early Praetorian Guard differed greatly from that in later times, which came to be a vital force in the power politics of Rome. The Guard supported Trajan, commander of the Army of the Rhine, as new emperor. By 312, however, Constantine the Great marched on Rome with an army in order to eliminate Maxentius and gain control of the Western Roman Empire, resulting in the Battle of the Milvian Bridge. The other Praetorian prefect, Tigellinus, headed the suppression of the conspiracy, and the Guard was compensated with a bonus of 500 denarii for each man. In 69, the Year of the Four Emperors, after the emperor Galba failed to provide a donative for the Praetorians, they transferred their allegiance to Otho and assassinated the emperor. This role (chief of all troops stationed in Rome), was in practice a key position of the Roman polity. Lucius Aelius Seianus or Sejanus (20 BCE-31 CE) was the commander of the praetorian guard under the emperor Tiberius (14-37 CE). After the death of Sejanus, who was sacrificed for the donative (imperial gift) promised by Tiberius, the Guards began to play an increasingly ambitious and bloody game in the Empire. The forces of Pannonia were dealt with by Drusus Julius Caesar, son of Tiberius (not to be confused with Nero Claudius Drusus, brother of Tiberius), accompanied by two Praetorian cohorts, the Praetorian Cavalry, and Imperial German Bodyguards. He then increased them to 1,000 men each, but allowed three units to be kept on duty at any given time in the capital. Tacitus reports that the number of cohorts was increased to twelve from nine in AD 47. After supporting Otho against a third contender Vitellius, the Praetorians were restrained following defeat and their centurions executed. In 41, Caligula was killed by conspirators from the senatorial class and from the Guard, along with his wife and daughter. What does praetorian-guard mean? In battle, these cohorts would act as a final reserve. Accessed 6 Apr. An inscription recently discovered suggests that, towards the end of the reign of Augustus, the number of cohorts increased to 12 during a brief period. After another two years he could be promoted to Principalis, with a double salary, in charge of delivering messages (Tesserarius) or as an assistant centurion (Optio) or standard bearer (Signifer) at the corps of the century; or, if literate and numerate, he could join the administrative staff of the prefect. Officers of the Guard, including one of the two successors of Burrus as the Praetorian prefect, participated in Piso's conspiracy in year 65. The Praetorian Guard served in the last campaign of Trajan against the Parthians of 113–117. Despite the opposition of the cohorts in service in the palace, Galba and his designated successor, the young Piso, were lynched on January 15. Delivered to your inbox! Learn a new word every day. The Praetorian Guard was ultimately dissolved by Emperor Constantine I in the 4th century. While Augustus understood the need to have a protector in the maelstrom of Rome, he was careful to uphold the Republican veneer of his regime. In the Republican period, the Praetorians were a small escort which protected an army commander, general, or governor. 'All Intensive Purposes' or 'All Intents and Purposes'? Trajan returned to Rome from the Rhine, probably accompanied by the new unit of equites singulares Augusti. Praetorian Guard: 1 n a member of the Praetorian Guard Synonyms: Praetorian Type of: bodyguard , escort someone who escorts and protects a prominent person n the elite bodyguard of a Roman Emperor in ancient Rome Type of: bodyguard a group of men who escort and protect some important person However the armies of the Danube chose instead the governor of Pannonia Superior, Septimius Severus, who besieged Rome and tricked the Praetorians when they came out unarmed. 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