He spent most of his childhood with the Nakayama family, his mother’s family in Kyoto. During Emperor Meiji’s reign, the population of Japan doubled from about 25 million to about 50 million. Emperor Meiji died on July 30, 1912, at the Meiji Palace in Tokyo at the age of 59. Meiji had diabetes, nephritis, and gastroenteritis. In 1868 Meiji took the “Charter Oath of Five Principles,” which launched Japan on the course of westernization. His death on 30 July 1912 did indeed seem like the end of an era. Now his first son, Yoshihito, ascended to the throne and took the name Taisho, ushering in the next era. His mother, Lady Naruko Yanagihara, was the daughter of the imperial chamberlain Mitsunaru Yanagihara. In 1192 Yoritomo, the head of the powerful Minamato clan became the first Shogun of Japan. Emperor Meiji did not die old. Emperor Meiji was born November 3, 1852, at the palace compound or Gosho in Kyoto, Japan. The future Empress was the daughter of a courtier and was three years older than the Emperor. Emperor Meiji (明治天皇, Meiji-tennō, 3 November 1852–30 July 1912) was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. During Emperor Meiji’s reign, there were two successful military conflicts: the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) and the Russo- Japanese War (1904-1905). Meiji himself epitomized the superimposition of Western ideas and innovations onto a base of Japanese culture; he wore Western clothes and ate Western-style food but also managed to compose 100,000 poems in the traditional Japanese style during his lifetime. The cause of death was smallpox and while the vaccination against this disease was known in Japan, the strict adherence of the court to traditional medicine only meant that the Imperial Family was especially vulnerable to illness (Meiji, however, was secretly vaccinated as a child). The Meiji Shrine; Credit – By Rei at en.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17785029, State of Japan Resources at Unofficial Royalty, All content copyright Unofficial Royalty 2021. His reign lasted from 1867 until his death. Burial Mound of Emperor Meiji and Empress Shōken; Credit – Wikipedia Emperor Shōwa (昭和, 29 April 1901 – 7 January 1989), better known in English by his personal name Hirohito (裕仁), was the 124th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, ruling over the Empire of Japan from 25 December 1926 until 2 May 1947, after which he was Emperor of the state of Japan until his death. Emperor Kōmei (孝明天皇, Kōmei-tennō, 22 July 1831 – 30 January 1867) was the 121st Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Emperor Meiji. For example, samurai, who historically were recognized as a warrior class, could now b… 4.2/5 (420 Views . Emperor Meiji had fifteen children by five official ladies-in-waiting but only five children survived to adulthood: Lady Yanagihara Naruko; Credit – Wikipedia, A prince born to Lady Yanagihara Naruko (1855–1943), Four princesses born to Lady Sono Sachiko (1867–1947). The goals of the early leaders of the Meiji era were ambitious, as they established new economic, political, and social institutions that governed Japan through World War II. Meiji was a young man in the 1870s. He was not a good student and later in life regretted that he had not applied himself more in his schoolwork. The cause of death was smallpox and while the vaccination against this disease was known in Japan, the strict adherence of the court to traditional medicine only meant that the Imperial Family was especially vulnerable to illness (Meiji, however, was secretly vaccinated as a child). At the time … Soon after his accession, Ichijō Haruko was suggested to the Emperor as a possible bride. Emperor in death. His reign lasted from 1867 until his death. His 14-year-old son succeeded him as Emperor and formally ascended to the throne on February 3, 1867, in a brief ceremony in Kyoto. Known posthumously as Empress Shōken, she was the first Empress Consort of Japan to play a public role but she had no children. In November 1860, he was given the adult name Mutsuhito and proclaimed Crown Prince. Given the childhood name Sachi-no-miya, or Prince Sachi and the personal name Mutsuhito, he was the only child of his mother and one of the two children of his father to reach adulthood. This emperor was called Meiji (Enlightened Rule) from the beginning, and he, and the entire historical era he embodied, have been called Meiji ever since. In 1868, Emperor Meiji welcomed the first European ambassador to Japan, the Dutch diplomat Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek. His mother Nakayama Yoshiko, was a concubine to his father Emperor Kōmei and was the daughter of a noble courtier, Lord Nakayama Tadayasu. 16 Votes) There were three main causes of the Meiji Restoration: First, internal problems in Japan made ruling the country too difficult. Meiji's reign was marked by many changes including the move of the Imperial court from Kyoto to Tokyo. The year 2018 has seen many events in Japan marking 150 years since the Meiji Restoration. The emperor’s end came fairly suddenly, at least for most of his people, for the general public only heard about his grave illness some ten days earlier. Nakayama Yoshiko, Meiji’s mother; Credit – Wikipedia, Two daughters born to Principal Consort: Kujō Asako (1835 – 1897), given the title Empress Eisho by Emperor Meiji in 1867, One son born to Lady-in-waiting: Bojo Nobuko (1830–1850), One son born to Lady-in-waiting: Nakayama Yoshiko (1836 – 1907), Two daughters born to Lady-in-waiting: Horikawa Kiko (1837–1910). The end of hostilities. Emperor Meiji (明治天皇 Meiji-tennō, born Mutsuhito, 3 November 1852 – 30 July 1912) or Meiji the Great was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 3 February 1867 until his death.He presided over a time of rapid change in Japan, as the nation rose from a feudal shogunate to become a world power. Updates? His mother Nakayama Yoshiko, was a concubine to his father Emperor Kōmei and was the daughter of a noble courtier, Lord Nakayama Tadayasu. Hirohito, emperor of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989. Burial Mound of Emperor Meiji and Empress Shōken; Credit – Wikipedia. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Emperor Meiji passed away. Reinstating the emperor legitimized the movement by connecting it to an old tradition that encouraged everyone to unify. His death on 30 July 1912 did indeed seem like the end of an era. Compare-the death of the emperor to the deaths of JFK, Martin Luther King Jr.; Students will list the various protests that took place following the death of the Meiji Emperor and outline their causes. Since 1185, a shogun, a military dictator, had been the de facto ruler of Japan, although the shoguns were appointed by the Emperor. Traditionally an emperor might have several names during his reign and a different one after death. It was under his rule during which Japan underwent rapid modernization. The Meiji era was such a great success that only seven years after the death of the Emperor Meiji, Japan was listed as one of the great “Big Five” powers of the modern world at the Versailles Peace Conference. Meiji was a minor hero in the movie The Last Samurai. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. As emperor he formally ordered, though he did not initiate, the abolition of the feudal land system (1871), the creation of a new school system (1872), adoption of the cabinet system of government (1885), promulgation of the Meiji Constitution (1889), and opening of the Diet (1890). The Emperor Meiji married Masako Ichijō, the daughter of an Imperial official. With the death of Emperor Meiji in 1912 a great deal of uncertainty about Japan’s future followed. On September 13, 1912, the day of Emperor Meiji’s funeral, General Nogi Maresuke committed ritual suicide by seppuku (disembowelment). He passed away due to uremia on 30 July 1912. There is a considerable amount of debate on how much Meiji contributed to it. It was under his rule during which Japan underwent rapid modernization. Those who suspected assassination remained silent for nearly a century out of fear of imprisonment in pre-WWII Japan where the Emperor was worshipped as a god. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Meiji, The Samurai Archives - WikiSamurai - Biography of Emperor Meiji, Meiji - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Meiji - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Thanks! But it seems certain that the cause of death was either smallpox or poisoning. Although he had little political power, he was an important symbol of the unity of the country. Corrections? Meiji’s accession to the throne coincided with the end of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration to the emperor of supreme executive authority in the country. In July 1939, the Emperor quarrelled with his brother, Prince Chichibu, over whether to support the Anti-Comintern Pact, and reprimanded the army minister, Seishirō Itagaki. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. He was portrayed by Nakamura Shichinosuke II. During the first years of his reign his advisors ruled in his name. AKA Mutsuhito. Shoichi Fujimori, the grand steward of the Imperial Household Agency, announced the Emperor's death at 7:55 A.M. and revealed for the first time that Hirohito … The couple was married on January 11, 1869. In 1890, the Emperor made the greatest contribution to the modernization of Japan with the enactment of a constitution. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The shugunate was a system of military leadership that ended in 1868 when the Yoshinobu, the last shogun from the Tokugawa familywas forced to resign. Omissions? It was customary to entrust the education of the imperial children to prominent families of the court. The Meiji emperor reigned for nearly 45 years, so the era named Meiji lasted for longer than any other before it. During his tenure, Japan underwent rapid changes, stepping out of its feudal past and into the modern future. He served as the Emperor of Japan. He ruled for a startlingly long time, but he died when he was only fifty-nine, just a teenager when he came to power. Under Emperor Meiji’s reign, Japan started to become an industrial and naval power. It was an act of delayed atonement that paid a debt of honor incurred thirty-five years earlier. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Emperor Kōmei, Meiji’s father; Credit – Wikipedia. Emperor Meiji was born November 3, 1852, at the palace compound or Gosho in Kyoto, Japan. The forty-four years under his rule became known as the Meiji Period. You can search for royalty-related items - or anything else - by using this link. Emperor Meiji moved the capital of Japan from Kyoto and to Edo (later Tokyo). When Emperor Hirohito made his first ever broadcast to the Japanese people on 15 August 1945, and enjoined his subjects 'to … In 1868 his coronation ceremony was carried out, and he took the name Meiji, by which the era of his reign is also known. Students will discuss what the death of such a leader means to the people. The majority of these reforms were greatly influenced by the West, but they never deviated significantly from Japans cultural and historical roots. In 1910 he issued an edict proclaiming the annexation of Korea to Japan. She was a concubine to Emperor Meiji who fathered Emperor Taishō. Emperor Taishō (大正天皇, Taishō-tennō, 31 August 1879 – 25 December 1926) was the 123rd Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession, and the second ruler of the Empire of Japan from 30 July 1912 until his death in 1926.. The Death of Emperor Meiji. The Meiji emperor reigned for nearly 45 years, so the era named Meiji lasted for longer than any other before it. A sanctuary, consecrated to Emperor Meiji and his spouse, was later erected on the site of the funerary ceremonies: the Meiji Jingu, now in the heart of Tokyo. In 1868, the last shogun lost power, and in the name and with the support of the young emperor, a new, more Western-oriented upper class initiated the modernization of Japan known as the Meiji Restoration. It was at the age of 14 that he became emperor at the time of his father's death. ... Emperor Meiji - … The funeral took place in Tōkyō on 13 September 1912. Unlike Kōmei, he supported the growing popular consensus on the need for modernization of Japan along Western lines that had developed as a result of the country’s resumption of contact with other nations after a 250-year period of cultural and economic isolation. The Tokugawa clan had ruled Japan since 1603. It was at the age of 14 that he became emperor at the time of his father's death. He played active roles in the prosecution of the Sino-Japanese War (1894–95) and the Russo-Japanese War (1904–05). He died from complications of his diabetes. The Japanese Diet (legislature) passed a resolution to commemorate the Emperor’s role in the Meiji Restoration. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Perhaps most dramatically, it abolished the old system of a social hierarchy based on inherited status. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Empress Consort Haruko in 1872; Credit – Wikipedia. Meiji, in full Meiji Tennō, personal name Mutsuhito, (born Nov. 3, 1852, Kyōto—died July 30, 1912, Tokyo), emperor of Japan from 1867 to 1912, during whose reign Japan was dramatically transformed from a feudal country into one of the great powers of the modern world.. Emperor Meiji. 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